PlayStation 2 Review of Scarface Video Game

Based on the 1983 movie of the same title, Scarface promises to be unlike anything you’ve seen on a single player action/adventure game before. It creates a little twist to the ending of the movie, and then moves on from there. After being held captive by Sosa’s men, Tony vows to take his revenge and won’t stop at nothing until he gets it. Aside from revenge, he also wish to reclaim his position as Miami’s ultimate drug dealer.

All throughout the game, Tony will have to gain turfs and purchase fronts for his drug trades. In the process, he must be able to maintain his empire and make more money out of selling drugs. To make this possible, Tony would have to bring down his enemies and increase his reputation level. As rival gangs will try to dominate the city under your control, you have to make sure to protect them and continue buying businesses to front your drug deals. It works in a chain of some sorts as the more money you got, you increase your power, and an increase in power will also boost your reputation level.

From the start, you will only have limited options. As your reputation is key to rebuilding your empire, you have to complete missions, buy fronts and exotic items to slowly build your reputation. But you will need money to be able to buy things, and you can get them by selling cocaine. Eventually, when your reputation level has increased tremendously, you can have an almost unlimited access to any sort of weapon or vehicle that you need.

You’d start off by selling drugs to street dealers, then move up to large suppliers where you can earn bigger money. Once you have also purchased fronts where you can distribute your drugs, money will just come to you. This will displease your rival gangs, leading them to plot on bringing down your front businesses. You might need the help of a henchman and employ surveillance to help protect your investments.

There will be four turfs in the city of Miami and in each turf, you would have to obtain different fronts. However, some of these fronts are already controlled by certain gangs. You will have to eliminate your rival gangs so you can explore the rest of the city and find new turfs to explore. Just talk your way through the managers so you will gain their trust and you can eventually do business with them. In a separate islands is where cocaines are produced and where you will be making deals with certain large suppliers. As soon as you have secured your fronts and a warehouse, you can smuggle your supply of cocaine from the island to there.

As we have mentioned a while ago about the need to protect your fronts, you will need quite a lot of guns for that. At the start, you’ll have access to only a limited number of guns in your arsenal but you’ll soon increase your options as you also increase your reputation. With higher reputation, you’d have a wide array and good selection of guns like hand guns, automatic rifles, shotguns and rocket launchers. And as if that wasn’t great enough, you can also adjust its accuracy, silencing mechanics, and some other options to make your attack deadlier.

When you are a drug lord fighting off rival gangs, and engaging in fierce gunfire, you are sure to attract police on your way. When you have committed certain unlawful acts, you need to reduce the cops’ heat on you by paying them off. But you have to make sure that you keep the heat of the police in check, or it will cost you quite a lot of money.

And when it comes down to the worst, you will be forced to outrun the police and you got to have a set of wheels to make sure you keep them at bay. You would not ruffle feather with the police some more by stealing a car, so you should get a phone call and have a driver bring in your own car to help you get out of trouble. Only when you have gained enough reputation will you be able to buy and handle extremely fast cars. And from a wide selection of potential cars to use, each have their own traits that sets them apart from the others. For example, you have a speedy car that does not offer much protection or a well-protected car that can be a real drag.

When it comes to battling your enemies, do not fret when you feel like the gang seems just too many to handle. Tony is equipped with a rage meter that builds up with every act you perform using the “balls”. This balls can be earned through skillful driving, pedestrian conversations, and taunting your victims. If the meter is filled up, Tony becomes extremely powerful and he can attack multiple enemies at once, as well as acquire the health of every enemy he has killed. The effects of the rage meter lasts for quite a short span of time, but it can be enough to let you out of a really bad situation.

When you have significantly increased your ball levels, femme fatales will appear on your map. If you try to meet them convince them to stay at your mansion, they will help upgrade your health, rage meter, and stamina. This is of course aside from the fact that these femme fatales would be a nice addition to Tony’s growing collection of exotic items. With every purchase of these exotic items, you will also be able to increase your reputation depending of course on the price and rarity of the item bought.

One great weapon that Tony has in his arsenal is his intimidation meter. Oftentimes, it will work to his advantage by acquiring some great rates in the bank, settle a lucrative drug deal, and squeeze his way out of a potential bust by the cops. All you need to do is be able to time your press and release of the button as soon as the meter fills up. Just make sure you don’t press the button too short or too long, for you might end up with an extremely bad drug deal or lose your money to the cops.

Moving over to the technical aspects of the game, as much as the gameplay is as close to the movie as it can get, so are the overall look of the game. When dealing with drugs and all that underground businesses, you need to be able to create a mood for that through the environment. And what better place to set that than in Miami? The game was able to recreate Miami into the world of Scarface game.

Being a major part of the game, sounds can either make or break it for the game. For Scarface, the voice acting is simply astounding. There just seems to be a great connection between the voice acting and the actual events on the game. Hats off to those actors who lend their voices in this game. And also, not failing to mention that this game is also geared with some of the best bands and artists out there. The game uses the official soundtrack of the movie, and hence it can be quite a similar experience altogether-you know, playing the game and watching the movie-the only difference being in the game, you have control over Tony.

If you haven’t got enough of the movie, this might be a great way to fill in on more of the action/adventure feel that Scarface has delivered. Sosa’s betrayal does not bring you down, and although your empire has been snatched away from you, you are determined more than ever to rebuild it and gain power of it. If there is anything that could take you right into the world of drug lords and see how it works, you have come to the right place. Join Tony’s adventures as he proves he deserves to be on the top.

The Music Box – a Remarkable Invention of Our Time

Music boxes, also referred to as a musical box, give you the feeling as if they have been around forever. We are likely to know someone, a friend or family member, having received one as a present or as a family hand down. The music box is an interesting and remarkable invention with a history going back for many years. Before the modern era of TV and radio, they gave immense pleasure to many, young and old.

The Interesting History of the Music Box

Originating in the early 19th century, the music box is very much the same as it was then, a pleasing automatic musical instrument A set of pins on a revolving disc or cylinder strike a steel comb inside, of which the teeth are tuned to produce the distinct sound that results. Some boxes are more detailed than others, they have small bells and a tiny drum in addition to the steel comb.

The precursor to the music box came from the 18th century, and was a musical form of the popular snuff box. Snuff boxes were items that gentlemen typically carried in their pockets. The subsequent music boxes could range from anything as small as a snuff box, to anything as large as a piece of furniture.

However, as time went on, the more common size of a music box became what it still is today, which is a box that can easily be placed on a table. In 1815, the first music box shop was opened in Switzerland by Jérémie Recordon and Samuel Junod. Other shops also opened in places like Bohemia and Germany. Finally, at the end of the 19th century, it seemed odd to find that some European manufacturers began to move to the United States with their factories.

Since that time, there have been many different kinds of music boxes that have been manufactured. They have been manufactured to commemorate various things, such as holidays, and classic movies. When it comes to the music that emanates from these wonder boxes, they have been known to be anything from classical pieces to famous film themes. Hearing the music associated from a memorable holiday or movie, always wound sound better listening to it from a musical box.

These unique inventions can be found in many different places today, such as local specialty shops that sell greeting cards. If you are a tourist visiting a city, no doubt you will find a musical box that you can buy as a remembrance of your trip.

It would be extremely difficult to determine how much they would have cost at the time of assembly, as some are very ornate and carefully constructed with inlaid walnut and other fine hardwood, often handmade with precision and care to fine detail. A music box still today, make a very unusual and surprising gift, if not only to be proud and own such a nostalgic and precious item, but one of pleasure to look at and listen to.

The Pros and Cons of Shopping for a Discount Perfume Online

No one can deny the appeal of using perfumes as part of one’s fashion statement. Perfumes have been used since the ancient times and considering that they are still enjoyed by millions of people, it doesn’t look like they are going away anytime soon. But if you consider yourself to be a perfume enthusiast, you will know that there is one aspect of perfumes which is widely considered to be a drawback; its price. It is a fact that perfumes aren’t exactly cheap and it is especially the case with signature brands. But in reality, one does not have to break the bank just to buy his or her favorite perfumes. It may be hard to believe but one can purchase a discount perfume provided that you know where to look.

Bar none, the best method for anyone to purchase a discount perfume is through online shopping. Yes, it is possible that you will come across some decent discounts from your local perfume store but such cases are quite rare. And without an ongoing sale, it is simply too expensive for most people to buy from a local perfume outlet. But with online perfume shopping, it is always guaranteed that you will run into some great deals that could net you as much as 40% to 70% discounts. That is simply unheard of when it comes to physical outlet stores. This is because the level of competition online is tough, so vendors will do whatever it takes just to make sure that their store stands out and attract customers.

Finding perfume products at great discounts isn’t all that hard. You will be surprised that a simple Google query can yield a huge list of results that will enable you to shop for your favorite fragrances. One of the best benefits of shopping online is certainly the wide range of selections with regards to sellers. This basically means that you will never be stuck with a single seller. Maybe you feel that a certain seller is too expensive for your budget? Or perhaps a specific online vendor doesn’t seem to be trustworthy? Well with online shopping, you can always move on to your next prospect. Your options are so numerous that finding another seller is never a problem.

Shopping for perfumes online is not without its disadvantages. One of the main drawbacks of this shopping method is that there is no way of telling if the items in the catalogue are authentic or not. There are many websites that sell high-grade replicas and knockoffs online. Which is why it is important that you exhaust your resources in order to verify the reputation of the vendors that you are planning to deal with. Always remember to exercise caution when shopping online.

What Is the Best Way to Defeat Handyman in Bioshock Infinite?

In Bioshock Infinite, Handyman plays an integral part as a bouncer that his main job is to protect Columbia from any attack and threat of other people outside the city. In this game, Handyman is also one of many villains that will hold back Booker from entering to the city of Columbia. Talking about his strength, Handyman is a really tough villain that can cause such great damages to Booker and even punch him to death.

However, even though this big fat enemy possesses such a great power in his 2 giant hands, in Bioshock Infinite, Handyman proved can be defeated if you can combine all of Booker’s strengths, from his big guns and telekinesis powers, and then optimize the use of Skyline to avoid Handyman whenever he starts attacking you back.

In this article, there are some facts about Handyman that you probably should know about. And if you happen to have some sort of problems when facing him in this game, here you’ll find out about how to defeat Handyman and what is the best way to fight him in this game.

Who is Handyman and What is His Role in Columbia?

First of all, you need to know about who Handyman really is. In this latest installment of Bioshock Infinite, Handyman is narrated as a really big guy that all over his body is made from steel. So from his overall appearance, we can see how Handyman looks like a giant robot. However, even though most of his body is made from metal, there are 2 parts in his body that still humanize him, his head and his heart.

As a matter of fact, these 2 parts are the only genuine human parts that can be found in Handyman’s body. So despite his robot appearance, it’s good to know that he can still think as a human and has a feeling of a normal human. But then again, despite these 2 human parts that still make him a normal person, Handyman is still a dangerous villain that has been programmed by Comstock to stop and kill Booker every time they meet each other in the battle.

Handyman Appearance in Bioshock Infinite

Handyman has 2 really giant hands. These 2 doll alike hands are capable to create such great damages to your health bar every time his jab lands in Booker’s face. That’s not so surprising given that Handyman has a really huge body, plus he is made from steel. So no wonder if he possesses such a great power in his hands.

As shown in this latest Bioshock game, Handyman appears for the very first time when Booker enters the floating city of Columbia. In that part of the game, we can see how Handyman is being “showcased” in front of the people in Columbia on the stage, similar like a “Freak Show” stage where weird people are gathered around in one place to show off their weirdness to people.

The good thing is, in that moment, Booker, who hasn’t been recognized as “the False Sheppard” by the public of Columbia, doesn’t need to face Handyman yet in the direct battle. However, the bad news comes around when Booker finally has to meet Handyman face-to-face in the real battle after people of Columbia find out about the initial of “AD” or Anna Dewitt on Booker’s hand.

What is Handyman’s job in Columbia?

In Bioshock Infinite, Handyman is given a job by Comstock to protect Columbia along with the people from the attacks and threats of Vox Populi, some group of people that are against “The Founders”, the group from Columbia government led by Comstock, and want to change Columbia as a new better place where all people, including black and Irish people, can be treated equally without any discrimination of race, tribe, or anything.

Besides protecting Columbia from Vox Populi’s attacks, Handyman also becomes one of Booker’s enemies, big bosses to be exact. Handyman is also tasked by Comstock to keep Booker away from Columbia and most importantly, from Elizabeth.

What is Handyman’s Main Strength?

The biggest strength possessed by Handyman in this game is the power to knock enemies down with his 2 giant hands. This is the reason why you as Booker has to stay in far distance whenever you fight against Handyman in the battle because if he manages to land his jab in Booker’s face, then most of the time, his giant hands can cause such great damages to your health bar.

The other strength of Handyman is his ability to hack the Skyline and stream an electric shock to this track. Well, the Skyline is the roller coaster track that is spreading out across the sky of Columbia. This skyline is mostly used to transport cargoes, while people with grappling hook, including Booker, can also use the Skyline to travel quickly from one place to other place without walking.

However, when facing this big villain, you must be really careful when jumping to the skyline because Handyman is capable to shock you to death when he turns the skyline into the electrocuted track.

How to Defeat Handyman?

There are many ways to defeat Handyman. The most obvious way is definitely by using your big guns like shotgun or other powerful weapons at your disposal. However, using only big guns to fight Handyman will not be effective because Handyman is really strong and he can quickly bounce back to attack Booker with his big fat hands. Therefore, before facing Handyman in person, you must firstly master the controls of Booker and knows how to use all of Booker’s weapons, including his telekinesis powers.

Using the Skyline

Besides depending your life to your weapons and telekinesis powers, the Skyline can also be really helpful to avoid any attack from Handyman. But you must always be well aware whenever Handyman uses his electric power to hack the Skyline. This will turn the Skyline into such a big danger to you as this electrocuted track will suck most of your health bar to death. So every time you see any electric spark on the Skyline, the best thing to do is to jump away from the skyline and make a fast landing to the ground or any platform around you.

Using the Guns and Telekinesis Powers

And as I mentioned earlier, one of the best guns to kill Handyman is shotgun. If you happen to own this weapon at your disposal, then you better use it when facing Handyman. Aim your target to his heart as this is the most fragile element in his body. Not to mention, even though the damages created by telekinesis powers are not that huge to Handyman, this magic power can still be useful to attack Handyman every time you have a chance to use it.

Elizabeth’s Help Always Comes in Handy

Not only that, besides using guns, telekinesis powers and the Skyline, you can also depend on Elizabeth’s help to open the tears in order to bring some goodies from other different realities to Booker’s reality, such as: medics, bullets, armors, walls to defend and even decoys to distract Handyman from attacking you.

Well, if you can combine all of those Booker’s strengths and know when to jump to the skyline to avoid Handyman’s attacks, plus with the help from Elizabeth, then you have a huge chance to defeat Handyman in any direct battle with him.

What about you? Do you have any other trick that you usually use to fight Handyman in Bioshock Infinite? If you do, then feel free to share your town trick on the comment section below.

Nightlife in Crimea, Ukraine

Crimea is a peninsular located in the south of Ukraine in Eastern Europe. It is surrounded by the Black sea, it has a mountainous spectacular coastline, and a fascinating and colourful history. It was the main tourist resort for the entire Soviet union, and finally it is being discovered by Western tourists.

A Brit, I have lived in Crimea for 5 years now, but to this day I am often taken aback by what I see. It is an intriguing place to be, and I feel very lucky to be able to live here.

In this article I will discuss the nightlife in Crimea.

As the day draws to a close, you are sure to come across festive nightlife practically every day of the week in the principal cities of Crimea. As the stereotype would suggest; the nightlife in Crimea; and across Ukraine as a whole is synonymous with drinking. This stereotype is absolutely true. When the weather allows, the streets are packed full of revellers downing bottles of beer and pouring each wine and vodka into plastic cups. During Crimea’s long summer nights, the streets turn into one enormous bar.

In the West, we tend to gather together to socialize in some kind of official establishment such as a bar or restaurant), young people in Crimea prefer to find a pleasantly located bench, and chat the night away under the starry sky.

There are, however, multitudes of clubs and bars around Crimea. They are open all year round in the capital city Simferopol, and to a lesser degree in the navy city of Sevastopol. In the resort towns such has Feodosia, they are open from May-October.

In Crimea and the Ukraine as a whole, you can find cheap and simple bars, with a few plastic tables and chairs, and incredibly well priced vodka and beer. Generally, in these establishments, older men meet up to discuss the days events..and to have a drink or ten.

Crimea is also the host to modern, snazzy nightclubs. They are very popular partly because they are overpriced (and hence prestigious), and are visited by incredibly well dressed young women, and smartly attired men (both young and old). Nightclubbing in such establishments in Crimea, Ukraine and Russia as a whole is a very civilised affair. As a rule, the punters get a table. They order not just drinks but also side dishes; it is obligatory to have food to accompany the drinks. Ukrainians go for the ubiquitous vodka, as well as cognac, beer and champagne.

Nightlife in Crimea goes on until late; 4 or 5 is the norm. The music consists of popular Russian pop/dance songs as well as Western chart music. Some establishments offer a professional DJ and techno music. Others play independent and rock music.

Of-course, not all nightlife in Crimea revolves around drinking. There is also theatre and the cinema. The theatre plays a bigger role in the nightlife of the ordinary Crimean than to the average Westerner. Russia and Ukraine has a great history of theatre. Countless masterful plays have been written over the years by playwrights from these countries that are popular all around the world.

The capital city of Crimea, Simferopol, has 5 theatres, and they are usually full. Theatre in Crimea is an egalitarian affair; subsided by the government and hence accessible to all. The attraction of the theatre in Crimea is not based on fancy sets or special effects, but on the intrinsic quality of the plays, and the accomplished and powerful acting.

The cinema is gradually gaining in popularity, and the younger generation increasingly prefer it to the theatre. The Russian industry has had some great successes in the last few years, with films such as ‘Night Patrol’. Predictably, though, American films dominate the cinema listings.

If you are fortunate enough to travel to Crimea, you’ll be impressed by how lively the streets in the main towns are at night. This is the Ukrainian way. It is a festive country that isn’t afraid to lose sleep and wake up with a hangover before work.

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Accu-Ranger Reticle With Redfield Revenge Scopes: Quick Aiming Without Rangefinder

Have you ever been faced with a situation when your target ran away while you were preparing your shot? If so, you will have wondered if there is any way to resolve this issue. Consider that you need to allow a period of time in which to determine the distance to the target if it’s far away, and that then you need to find an appropriate point for holdover or to adjust the elevation knob. After all, you need to find the most comfortable position from which to make a precise shot. You can consider yourself lucky if the game stays in the same position while all this preparation is taking place. But what if it doesn’t? The timing in such a situation is quite critical.

Redfield has solved this problem. The Revenge hunting scopes series features the unique Accu-Ranger reticle. With this reticle you can quickly determine the distance to the target and make your shot without any delay, whilst keeping your eyes on the target at all times. It may sound like some expensive rifle scope with laser rangefinder − but, in fact, it’s not. The range estimation performs by virtue of the scope’s optics and mechanics, and that is what makes this scope affordable. Let’s see how the Accu-Ranger reticle works.

The upper vertical post has hash marks called brackets. Each of these brackets refers to a specific animal. All you need to do is to turn the magnification ring until an animal’s body appears between the bracket and center of the reticle. There is another horizontal line that moves along the upper vertical post while you are changing the magnification. The vertical post has numbers from two to six, which refer to 200, 300, 400, 500 and 600 yards. When you have got your game between the brackets, look at the upper horizontal line. If it has stopped at number four, it means that your game is 400 yards away. Now just use an appropriate aiming point for hold over and make your shot.

As you can see, the system is very simple: bracket the animal and make a shot. The price is really affordable for a scope with range estimation ability and a ballistic reticle.

To ensure that the Accu-Ranger reticle meets the requirements of every hunter, Redfield has designed four different types: Crossbow, Hunter, Sabot ML and Varmint.

All these reticles come with brackets for 16″ and 25″ targets, while the Varmint reticle features an 8″ bracket. The 8″ bracket can be used for prairie dogs or other similar-sized varmints. The 16″ bracket will be correct for a deer, while the 25″ bracket is designed for elks and coyotes.

The Accu-Ranger Crossbow is a unique reticle in this series and was designed especially for crossbow hunters. This reticle estimates the distance up to 60 yards and has holdover points for the same yardage.

The Accu-Ranger Crossbow reticle is designed to be used with different velocities. At higher magnification, this reticle works well with arrows or bolts that have 425 fps velocities, whilst at lower magnification, this reticle is good for use with 250 fps cartridges.

This reticle comes with the Redfield Revenge 2-7x34mm.

The Accu-Ranger Hunter reticle is designed to be used with elks, deer, coyotes or other animals of similar size. This reticle allows you to estimate the distance up to 600 yards, and has holdover points for the same yardage.

The center of the Accu-Ranger Hunter reticle is calibrated for a distance of 200 yards. This reticle is great for velocities of 2900 – 3800 fps, and works with the following cartridges: .338 RUM, .338 Win Mag, .300 WSM, .300 Win Mag, .30-06 Springfield, 7mm Rem Mag, .280 Rem, .270 Win, .270 WSM, .25-06 Rem, .243 Win, .22-250 Rem, and .223 Rem.

The Hunter reticle is the most popular in the Accu-Ranger series and comes with the following scopes:

  • Revenge 3-9×42
  • Revenge 3-9×52
  • Revenge 4-12×42

The Accu-Ranger Sabot ML reticle has the same estimation range as the Hunter reticle (200-600 yards) and is designed for muzzleloaders and shotguns. However, its aiming points for bullet drop compensation are calibrated at distances of 150, 200, 250 and 300. Center crosshair is zeroed at 100 yards.

The Sabot ML reticle can be used with cartridges of most velocities. At high magnification settings this reticle works fine with 45 caliber plastic tipped bullets (250 grain, 2200 fps).

The Accu-Ranger Sabot ML reticle is available in the Redfield Revenge 3-9×42.

The Accu-Ranger Varmint reticle has an 8″ bracket for prairie dogs as well as 16″ and 25″ brackets. This reticle works well with the most flat shooting cartridges with velocities of 3100-4000 fps. The Varmint reticle is universal. You can use it either for varmint or big game hunting.

The Accu-Ranger Varmint reticle allows you to estimate the distance and hold over for the bullet drop at a distance of up to 600 yards. This reticle is designed to be used with the following cartridges: .300 Win Mag., 7mm Rem Mag, .270 Weatherby, .270 WSM, .270 Win, .25-06 Rem, .243 Win, .223 WSSM, .223 Swift, .220 Swift, .22-250 Rem, .222 Rem, .223 Rem, and .17 Rem.

The Varmint reticle comes with the Redfield Revenge 4-12×42 and the Revenge 6-18×40.

The only drawback with the Accu-Ranger reticles is that they are designed to work for particular animals. However, they can also be used for similar-sized objects. If you are hunting prairie dogs, deer, elk or coyotes, you will usually find that Redfield Revenge scopes are just right for you. At a price range of $139.99 – $249.99, these scopes that have range estimation ability and bullet drop compensating reticles are a very good deal indeed.

Is Digital Rights Management (DRM) Of Your Music Good For You?

Digital Rights Management

Also known as DRM, Digital Rights Management, is a form of technology that aims to control people’s access to music. This is a type of software installed in a device that prevents or limits the number of times a music file can be reproduced or shared to other portable music devices. Several content provider companies such as Apple, Sony, Nokia, Geetune and Microsoft have utilized Digital Rights Management as a means to limit the production of their creative materials.

Companies have recognized this as the only possible means to control the use and spread of their materials since they no longer have any other means of controlling them once they reach the hands of the users.

Hence, this was also the subject of a heated debate between music producers or record companies against music buyers. This then causes the question regarding rights to these music files that you have paid for arise.

Coverage of DRM

When browsing through songs on a given online music store library and you find a song you want, you are often asked to click on a “Buy Song” button. But with the introduction of the DRM technology, it would seem more like leasing a song and having partial access rights to it. Thus, if you subscribe to a leasing service, at least the rights are clearer.

Those music files purchased online using the “Buy Song” that are protected by DRM typically contain the following conditions:

*you are only allowed to access the songs in no more than 3 to 5 computers
*you are only allowed to make 2 to 7 copies of the playlist on a CD

Controversy Over DRM

Issues of music piracy, illegal download and transfer of songs has been the major problem facing record companies when it comes to the online music setup. Therefore, DRM seemed the best possible solution to ensure that people who were responsible for the production and creation of the music are well compensated for every use done on the track.

In modern times wherein a huge percentage of music purchases are done online, it could mean a tremendous loss for the music industry if all other unauthorized file transfers are not accounted for. Hence, users are placed in an odd position of whether all songs purchased were really their own, or is it as good as renting rights for using that music. Even with lack of ability to transfer those files for other users, it also omits the capacity to create back up copies for all your music files.

DRM can also be used to limit access to a song or an entire library by time. That is to say that the tracks will expire after some time, when your subscription is over. This will make more sense to people who wish to listen to a variety of songs without having to buy every single one that they like. Akin to renting, this model is beginning to take off in a big way in the USA and even in Asia.

Twitter Marketing – Using Twitter to Market Your Business

Twitter Marketing: The Wave of the Future, eh?

Twitter is a news dissemination, conversation and information gathering network. No other network on the planet features immediate up-to-date news provided by ordinary citizens experiencing the news. There are several “personal update” networks similar to Twitter, but none offer the same speed and convenience. Using it for marketing, on the other hand, is something else entirely.

Right now Twitter is flooded with marketers sending out link after link after link to buy products, visit websites and even learn how to “market on twitter”. The problem is the links are becoming recognizable – similar to the way a telemarketing phone call immediately turns on your warning signs when you answer the phone. So the years of traditional marketing on twitter may be coming to an end.

What isn’t ending is the ability to converse with your customers. Comcast and Southwest Airlines both actively use Twitter to solve problems, hear customer complaints and eavesdrop in real time on actual conversations about themselves. Look at the 60 Minutes episode about the people of Virginia and how some people’s addiction to Mt. Dew has caused their teeth to rot. Pepsi Co. was immediately able to monitor what people were saying about the episode and were able to gather information about how to react from their customers. This kind of covert gathering of marketing information is too valuable to disappear anytime soon.

Finally, the social interaction Twitter offers will give small businesses a chance to interact with potential customers. While less of a marketing strategy and more of a long term branding plan, this one-on-one interaction that other people can see will reap benefits for every small company.

Is a Radar Gun Readout or Caller ID Display Inadmissible Hearsay?

As a criminal lawyer in Fort Lauderdale, I periodically have clients arrested for driving while under the influence or possession of drugs ask me, “Can the police testify in Court as to the results of a radar gun to show the speed of my vehicle or rely upon a caller ID display to prove that I made a phone call?… Shouldn’t this evidence be considered inadmissible hearsay?” According to Bowe v. State, 785 So.2d 531 (Fla. 4th D.C.A., 2001), radar gun readouts and caller ID displays are not considered inadmissible hearsay and the police can (and routinely) introduce this type of evidence in Court.

The Florida Evidence Code (90.801(1)(c)) defines hearsay as an out-of-court statement of a “declarant” offered to prove the truth of the matter asserted. A declarant is a “person” who makes a statement. Therefore, only statements made by persons fall within the definition of hearsay. This distinction is crucial when determining what testimony is considered inadmissible hearsay.

Radar gun readouts are often relied upon by police officers to prove an individual’s speed of travel in Courtroom proceedings for driving while under the influence. Surprisingly, radar guns do not generate paper printouts for police officers to introduce into evidence. Instead, police officers testify in Court as to what the radar gun registered to prove an individual’s speed.

Similarly, caller ID displays are occasionally relied upon by police officers to prove an individual’s knowledge or involvement in a crime. For example, a police officer may testify in Court that a caller ID readout of an individual’s assigned telephone number on an undercover police officer’s cell phone corroborates that the individual was conspiring with the undercover police officer to sell or purchase drugs. Caller ID displays are also relied upon by police officers in domestic violence, stalking, and assault cases.

In both instances, Courts have held that neither the radar gun readouts nor the caller ID displays are considered hearsay because of their designation as machines, and not “persons”, capable of being a declarant within the definition of hearsay. Importantly, these statements (i.e. actual radar readings) are not generated by persons. Conversely, out of court statements generated by persons (i.e. email strings) offered to prove the truth of the matter asserted are considered hearsay. For example, a witness testifying to statements he/she read from an email would be considered hearsay as the email was generated by a person, not a machine.

The main justification for the hearsay rule is to provide a defendant the opportunity to cross-examine a decalrant who made an out of court statement offered to prove the truth of the matter asserted. Remembering that one does not cross examine a machine; one cross-examines the person who operated or maintained the machine. In cases involving a radar gun readout or caller ID display, the information introduced is limited to numbers generated by machines, not persons. Additionally, this information cannot be influenced or manipulated by other individuals. As a result, the proper remedy to challenge the evidence is by either: attacking the reliability of the declarant’s statements (i.e. a declarant may have a reason to lie to bolster his case or justify an arrest); highlighting that the declarant could have misread or improperly transcribed the numbers; attacking the reliability of the machine, if applicable; attacking the declarant’s ability to read/understand the machine’s results (i.e. complicated program to interpret retina scans); or by challenging the relevancy of the evidence.

As nothing can be more damning evidence at trial then a radar gun readout or caller ID display, it is important to immediately contact an experienced criminal defense attorney to review such evidence and attack its admissibility or weight at trial.

The information in this article site was developed by Lyons, Snyder & Collin, P.A. for informational purposes only and should not be considered legal advice. The transmission and receipt of information from this article does not form or constitute an attorney-client relationship with Lyons, Snyder & Collin. Persons receiving the information from this article should not act upon the information provided without seeking profession legal counsel.